Tuesday, May 21, 2013

Problems in Down Syndrome



Medical Problem

  1. Newborn
    1. cardiac defects: atrio-ventricular septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, Tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus
    2. gastrointestinal: duodenal atresia, pyloric stenosis, anorectal malformation, tracheo-oesophageal  fistula, and Hirshsprung disease
    3. vision: congenital cataracts, glaucoma
    4. hypotonia, joint laxity
    5. Feeding problems
    6. congenital hypothyroidism
    7. congenital dislocation of the hips
  2. Infancy and childhood
    1. delayed developmental milestones
    2. mild to moderate intellectual impairment
    3. seizure disorder
    4. recurrent respiratory infections
    5. hearing loss 
    6. visual impairment
    7. sleep related upper airway obstruction
    8. leukaemia
    9. atlantoaxial instability
    10. hypothyroidism
    11. short stature
    12. over/ underweight
  3. Adolescence and adulthood
    1. Puberty: in girls, menarche only slightly delayed. fertility presumed. in boys, usually infertile due to low testosterone levels
    2. Increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease
    3. Shorter life expectancy 

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